Strong G3 geomagnetic storm watch for 23 March

Saturday, 22 March 2025 17:58 UTC

Strong G3 geomagnetic storm watch for 23 March

Yesterday around 16 UTC an M1.2 solar flare took place around sunspot region 4028. The solar flare triggered a filament eruption which erupted from the center of the earth-facing solar disk.

Interesting stuff indeed. When we look at SOHO/LASCO coronagraph imagery we see that the eruption launched a faint but rather fast coronal mass ejection with the bulk of the ejecta heading to the south-east. The NOAA SWPC issued a strong G3 geomagnetic storm watch as it anticipates an arrival early tomorrow, 23 of March.

The coronal mass ejection (CME) as seen by SOHO/LASCO.

But why the strong G3 geomagnetic storm watch? It does sound a bit over the top to issue a strong G3 geomagnetic storm watch (Kp7) for what seems like an underwhelming coronal mass ejection but the solar wind environment around Earth is already disturbed and along with the high solar wind speeds expected from this coronal mass ejection of around 800km/s it could cause quite a significant geomagnetic response with the right interplanetary magnetic field parameters. Also we should not forget that the equinox effect also might play a part in NOAA's decision to issue a G3 watch as aurora activity is slightly more common and elevated around the equinoxes.

All in all... like always.. no guarentees... the coronal mass ejection is a bit faint on the coronagraph imagery as you can see for yourself which could result in a lackluster impact but it does seem likely to us that this plasma cloud is indeed going to arrive at our planet. Will it be around 6 UTC tomorrow (23 March) as NOAA predicts? That might be on the fast end of the prediction scale but for sure an impact tomorrow is likely. Be sure to keep an eye on the data to see how this story developes when the CME arrives!

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Current data suggests there is a slight possibility for aurora to appear at the following high latitude regions in the near future

Whitehorse, YT
Anchorage, AK, Fairbanks, AK, Utqiagvik, AK
A transequatorial coronal hole was detected in an earth-facing position on Monday, 24 March 2025

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Monday, 24 March 2025
Coronal hole faces Earth

The anticipated strong G3 geomagnetic storm watch never materialized as the coronal mass ejection that was supposed to arrive early yesterday didn't arrive until today just past midnight UTC. The impact was very lackluster with the Bt (total strength of the IMF) increasing to a moderate 15nT at best and the solar wind speed reaching just 420km/s. A far cry from the anticipated 700 to 800km/s. That once again goes to show how hard it is to forecast space weather events and any resulting geomagnetic conditions. We remain under the influence of the CME and high latitude sky watchers should remain alert for some nice aurora displays but middle latitude sky watchers will probably have to wait for the next opportunity. 

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13:55 UTC - Coronal hole

A transequatorial coronal hole is facing Earth. Enhanced solar wind could arrive in ~3 days

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02:45 UTC - Geomagnetic activity

Active geomagnetic conditions (Kp4) Threshold Reached: 02:33 UTC

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